著作権表示の有無に、(___) 著作権法で同等に保護されます。
1. よると
2. よれば
3. かかわらず
4. かかわり
ANSWER (Highlight to read)3
Explanation: A rough translation of 1 to 4 would be,
1. 'according to
2. also 'according to'
3. 'irregardless of'
4. 'connection'
So the sentence as a whole would translate in each case to something like
1 & 2. According to whether a declaration exists or not (it) is protected by law in the same way.
3. Irregardless of whether a declaration exists or not (it) is protected by law in the same way.
4. In connection to whether a declaration exists or not (it) is protected by law in the same way.
It can be seen that 同等に only makes sense when used with かかわらず in this sentence.
* The area covered and the possible answers for each question are taken from an actual JLPT question paper - however the sentence used is from a public source. I think this slides in under 'fair use'. ;-)
1. べく
2. べき
3. べからざる
4. べからず
ANSWER (Highlight to read)
3
Explanation: A rough translation of 1 to 4 would be,
1. 'should'
2. also 'should'
3. 'can not' ('should not')
4. also 'can not' ('should not')
Obviously 1 and 2 are wrong.
The tricky bit is knowing which of 3 and 4 is correct. I think that the
ず negative ending when used before something means 'without doing' in the case of べからず it would only be used at the end of the sentence as an old negative type. Therefore 4 is wrong. Leaving 3 as the answer.
Somewhere else you may come across ざる is the ~ざるをえない construct.
1. がらみに
2. かたがた
3. かねて
4. がために
ANSWER (Highlight to read)
2
Explanation: A rough translation of 1 to 4 would be,
1. 'about' - doesn't make much sense here.
2. 'at the same time as'
3. 'simultaneously' - Note that this seems to be used
with an object marker, or particle that overlays such
(e.g. 今書き込みテストを兼ねてこの文章を書いています。)
I suspect '挨拶兼ねて' would be bad grammar.
4. 'for the sake of' / 'for'
If this was のために I think it might be OK, but が
looks like the wrong particle.
かたがた is the only one left - note also that
挨拶かたがた in particular seems to be in quite common
use.
1. はやいか
2. はやるか
3. はやくて
4. はやめて
ANSWER (Highlight to read)
1
Explanation: A rough translation of 1 to 4 would be,
1. がはやいか is the same as やいなや. In otherwords "As soon as"
2. はやる could be
逸る 【はやる】 (v5r) to be in high spirits; to be impatient; to be hotblooded
or
流行る 【はやる】 (v5r) to flourish; to thrive; to be popular; to come into fashion
3. はやくて could be the connective, (-te) form of 早い / 速い.
4. はやめて could be the connective (-te) form of
早める(P); 速める(P) 【はやめる】 (v1) to hasten; to quicken; to expedite; to precipitate; to accelerate
Basically I chose '1' by a process of elimination. The sentence
"I phoned him as soon as I arrived at my destination." makes sense, the others either don't make sense (2) or have bad grammar (3,4).
1. やまない
2. そういない
3. とまらない
4. すまない
ANSWER (Highlight to read)
1
Explanation: A rough translation of 1 to 4 would be,
1. To 'not stop' (from
止む 【やむ】 (v5m,vi) to cease; to stop; to be over;
Also used in sentences like
空模様からすると、雨はしばらくはやまないだろう。
but when used after verb / copula in connective form it
is associated with feelings & desires.
求めてやまない
惹かれてやまない
君への想いはあふれてやまない
ときめかせてやまない
欲してやまない
好きでやまない
2. 'そういない' generally seems to be 'not like that' (although frankly I'm not 100% sure ^^v). However it isn't used after a connective form so I think this is wrong on grammar grounds anyway.
3. also 'to not stop'. However this rarely seems to be used
after a connective form.
4. While literally meaning 'to not end' it is generally used to mean 'sorry' (and/or 'thank you').
1. めぐって
2. もとづいて
3. かぎりにして
4. もとにして
ANSWER (Highlight to read)
４
Explanation: A rough translation of 1 to 4 would be,
1. 'Concerning'
2. 'based on'
3. (I think, in this context) 'to decide to limit to'.
In other contexts it seems to be used to 'use to it's limit' as in 声を限りにして叫ぶ 'to shout as loud as possible'.
4. also 'based on'
Going by meanings either 2 or 4 would work. However もとづいて is used as
にもとづいて not をもとづいて so only 4 can be correct.
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